In accordance to the IPCC classification, the Energy sector comprises of emissions resulting from
end-use fuel combustion. Fugitive emissions from extraction, transmission and distribution of solid,
liquid and gaseous fuels are also included in this sector.
Combustion processes’ emissions were divided to the following sub-sectors according to the IPCC
structure:
- Energy industries;
- Manufacturing industries and construction
- Transport
- Other sectors (Services, Households, Agriculture and Forestry);
- Other;
The fugitive emissions are:
- coal mining
- extraction, transportation and distribution of petrol products and natural gas
The Energy sector in Bulgaria holds a key position in the national economy. It was the source of
over 77 % of the aggregated GHG emissions for the last inventory 2003.
Table 3.1 shows CO2 emission trends of the above sub-sectors for the period 1988 - 2003.
The analysis of Table 3.1 shows that the Energy industries kept the largest share - over 45 % of the
overall emissions in this sector. It was the only sector, where an increase of the relative share
compared to the base 1988, can be observed – from 44 % up to 53 % in 2003. For all other sectors
this share decreased: manufacturing industries from 25 down to 21 %, transport from 14 down to 13
%, and especially in the public sector and households – from 9 down to 4 %. The last figure can be
assumed as a positive result from the reduced direct fuel combustion in the households, which led to
an overall GHG emission and air pollutants’ reduction.
The emissions growth in the energy industries, compared to the preceding year, was due to the
decommissioning of units 1 and 2 (880 MW) in NPP Kozloduy, and the increased power
consumption in the country, despite the decreased export of electrical power.
The trend of Transport sector shows slight fluctuations, as in 2003 the emissions increased and were
14 % of the overall CO2 emissions in the sector. The fluctuations resulted from variations of liquid
fuel prices, and from restructuring and renovation of the vehicles as well.
The overall trend in sub-sector “Other sectors” (Services, Households, Agriculture and Forestry)
displayed fluctuations as well. The 1998 reduction was surmounted and emissions growth was
observed in the last two years.
All emissions described above, resulted from fossil fuels combustion. CO2 emissions from biomass
combustion were not taken into account because these were not included in the net GHG overall
emissions.
Emissions from Sector Energy were assessed by data from the National energy balance of the
country. This balance summarized all balances of companies and other large GHG sources at
national level. The methodology of GHG emission calculation is presented in Annex 2 to this
Report.
CO2 emissions from non-energy use of fuels were reported in this sector, and not in sector Process
emissions due to the fact that they belong exactly to this sector.
The fugitive emissions from coal mining, from extraction, transmission and distribution of petrol
products and natural gas are also part of this sector.
The coal mining in Bulgaria is concentrated mainly in Maritza Iztok Mines, where lignite is mined
in surface mines. About 40 % of the electrical power in the country is produced by these mines.
Brown and black coal mining has significantly less share.
Extraction of petrol products and natural gas in the country reported for less that 1 % of the overall
consumption. Due to its geographic location Bulgaria turned out to be a natural energy center in the
region, and because of this the natural gas transits were significant. They were about 3 times larger
than the overall consumption of the country and lead to the corresponding increase of methane
fugitive emissions, reported in 2003 inventory.
Key Sources
Table 3.2 shows the basic (key) and non-key GHG sources in sector Energy. ÑÎ2 was the main
source of all key sources. From all the rest, just the N2O emissions from the stationary combustion
and the fugitive methane emissions from the coal mining, were key sources.
ÑÎ2 Emissions from Biomass
The biomass fuels in Bulgaria have been used mainly in the public sector, households and the
agriculture, for the purposes of heat production, hot water and cooking. Biomass means firewood,
wood processing waste, and waste biomass from forestry. Production of bio fuels has started
recently, however it is an initial stage and not covered by the inventory yet.
Table 3.3 shows ÑÎ2 emissions at biomass combustion in the different sector categories.
Analysis of Table 3.3 displayed a steady trend of biomass consumption growth since 1988 to the
present. ÑÎ2 emissions increased by 132 % in 2003, compared to 1988. This growth was realized
mainly in households, which held the largest share, namely 73 % from the overall ÑÎ2 emissions
from biomass.
